Solar Cells

What are the environmental factors when using solar cells as an energy source ?

I am doing a project on the energy usage of solar cells. Other than pollution, because it is a category in itself, what are the environmental factors when using solar cells?

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The Power of the Sun – The Science of the Silicon Solar Cell

The Physics of Solar Cells (Properties of Semiconductor Materials) $46.29 This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of the photovoltaic cell. It is suitable for undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers new to the field. It covers: basic physics of semiconductors in photovoltaic devices; physical models of solar cell operation; characteristics and design of common types of solar cell; and approaches to increasing solar cell efficiency. The …

Physics of Solar Cells: From Basic Principles to Advanced Concepts (Physics Textbook) $58.94 Based on the highly regarded and extremely successful first edition, this thoroughly revised, updated and expanded edition contains the latest knowledge on the mechanisms of solar energy conversion. The textbook describes in detail all aspects of solar cell function, the physics behind every single step, as well as all the issues to be considered when improving solar cells and their efficiency.Req…

Practical Photovoltaics: Electricity from Solar Cells $6.44 Practical Photovoltaics, the now-classic reference on solar electricity, offers a unique combination of technical discussion and practical advice. Physicist, lecturer, and solar-home dweller Richard Komp explains the “how” and the “how-to” of PV, while providing valuable information on the industry, new developments, and the future. The book is a comprehensive guide to the theory and reality of so…

(S)TEM analysis of functional transition metal oxides. $49.99 Perovskite vanadates (AVO3) form an ideal family to study the structure-property relationships in transition metal oxides because their physical properties can easily be tailored by varying the A-site cations. (S)TEM is an ideal tool for this type of study due to its capacity for simultaneous imaging and chemical analysis. Determination of the oxidation state of vanadium in complex oxides have been carried out by electron energy loss spectroscopy. SrVO3/LaAlO3 is then studied both experimentally and theoretically as a prototype system. Extra electrons have been detected on the interface layer, and further proven to originate mainly from a change in the local bonding configuration of V at the La-O terminated substrate surface. Cr-containing stainless steel deposited with a LaCrO3 thin-film layer is a promising interconnect material of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). Our investigation on its microstructural evolution reveals that the LaCrO 3 thin film plays a role in inhibiting the growth of an oxide layer on the metal surface and thus protects the surface of the stainless steel. Ca-doped LaCoO3 is a promising SOFC cathode material. The domain structures and the oxidation state of Co in Ca-doped LaCoO3, which are directly related to its mechanical properties and electronic conductivity, are investigated by in-situ TEM and EELS. The formation of microcracks is observed during thermal cycles. Ca-doping in LaCoO3 is shown to not only improve the electronic conductivity of the material, but is also likely to strengthen the grain boundaries. The realization of its application in SOFCs depends on depressing the ferroelastisity to reduce strain formation during thermal cycles. The application of the (S)TEM techniques used for studying the perovskite systems are further extended to other compounds containing transition metal elements. The refractory minerals from Comet 81 P/Wild-2 are studied to investigate the formation of the early solar system. A relatively high Ti3+/Ti 4+

(S)TEM analysis of functional transition metal oxides. $49.99 Perovskite vanadates (AVO3) form an ideal family to study the structure-property relationships in transition metal oxides because their physical properties can easily be tailored by varying the A-site cations. (S)TEM is an ideal tool for this type of study due to its capacity for simultaneous imaging and chemical analysis. Determination of the oxidation state of vanadium in complex oxides have been carried out by electron energy loss spectroscopy. SrVO3/LaAlO3 is then studied both experimentally and theoretically as a prototype system. Extra electrons have been detected on the interface layer, and further proven to originate mainly from a change in the local bonding configuration of V at the La-O terminated substrate surface. Cr-containing stainless steel deposited with a LaCrO3 thin-film layer is a promising interconnect material of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). Our investigation on its microstructural evolution reveals that the LaCrO 3 thin film plays a role in inhibiting the growth of an oxide layer on the metal surface and thus protects the surface of the stainless steel. Ca-doped LaCoO3 is a promising SOFC cathode material. The domain structures and the oxidation state of Co in Ca-doped LaCoO3, which are directly related to its mechanical properties and electronic conductivity, are investigated by in-situ TEM and EELS. The formation of microcracks is observed during thermal cycles. Ca-doping in LaCoO3 is shown to not only improve the electronic conductivity of the material, but is also likely to strengthen the grain boundaries. The realization of its application in SOFCs depends on depressing the ferroelastisity to reduce strain formation during thermal cycles. The application of the (S)TEM techniques used for studying the perovskite systems are further extended to other compounds containing transition metal elements. The refractory minerals from Comet 81 P/Wild-2 are studied to investigate the formation of the early solar system. A relatively high Ti3+/Ti 4+

1-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Based Electroactive Materials $83.99 Organic semiconductors represent a type of electroactive materials which have been widely studied during the past decades. Electroactive materials are employed in various fields such as electrophotography (photoreceptors of copying machines, laser printers and modern fax machines, displays (organic light emitting diodes), power generation (solar cells), memory devices (field effect transistors) etc. In recent years, several families of electroactive molecules have been increasingly studied. Due to the rapid charge transporting ability, more attention is paid to photoconductors possessing 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline moieties. Unfortunately, the multi-step synthesis of the initial 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline limits the development of photoconductive molecules with this promising moiety. This book, therefore, provides a new knowledge of design, synthesis and applications of electroactive molecules, synthesis procedures of which are simple and based on 3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline chemistry. The book should be especially useful to professionals in Optoelectronics Materials field, or anyone else who have interest in tetrahydroquinoline chemistry.

12 Volt 6 Watt 400mA Solar Panel $39.99 This product is designed to supply power for outdoor 12V applications. You will enjoy convenient electricity wherever you go. Feature: Compact designed, can charge a wide range of applications, can be served as battery maintainer for marine boat, motor house or big vehicle. Supplying power to notebook computer, satellite telephone, electric hand tool like cordless drill. Or as a independent power source for outdoor activity like camping, exploration. Specification: use Amorphous silicon solar cells Power: 6 Watts maximum Working voltage: equal or greater than 12V Working current: equal or greater than 400mA Cable length: 6 ft with alligator clips Dimension: 17 5/8 x 11 9/16 ( or 19 5/8 x 13 1/2 with frame ) Net weight: 4.25 Lbs

12V Briefcase Solar Generator $69.99 This product is designed to supply power for outdoor 12V applications. You will enjoy convenient electricity wherever you go. Feature: Compact designed With blinking charging indicator to give a clear view that the generator is working. With detachable connectors for different application, like battery clamps, cigarette lighter plug, and any other connector that the customer needed. With strong stand to help get maximum power. With built-in diode to prevent reverse charging. Can charge a wide range of applications, can be served as battery maintainer for marine boat, motor house or big vehicle.Suppying power to notebook computer, satellite telephone, electric hand tool like cordless drill. Or as a independent power source for outdoor activity like camping, exploration. Specification: Use Amorphous silicon solar cells Power: 13 Watts maximum Working voltage: equal or greater than 14V Working current: equal or greater than 750mA Dimension: 20.07 x 14.76 x 1.57 (510mm x 375mm x 40mm)

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